Leviticus: An Introduction to the Third Book of Moses (Leviticus 1)

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Scripture reading – Leviticus 1

Our chronological Scripture reading schedule brings us to the Book of Leviticus, the third book of the five books of the Old Testament known as the Pentateuch. As its name implies, Leviticus is a book directing the Levites in their priestly duties, addressing worship, offering sacrifices, festivals, and matters of the Law.

The following will serve as a brief outline of the Book of Leviticus.

Leviticus 1-7 presented the guidelines that were followed in sacrificial offerings. Then the consecration and ministry of the Aaronic priesthood were the subjects of Leviticus 8-10. Next, a distinction between animals deemed clean and unclean was defined in  Leviticus 11-15. Finally, Leviticus 17-25 reminded the people that God is holy and expects the same of His people when they worship and offer sacrifices. (Remember, the offerings specified in Leviticus were a prefigure of Jesus Christ, the Lamb of God. He was the perfect, complete, “once, and for all” sacrifice for our sins, Hebrews 10:10).

The LORD Ordered the Starts and Stops of Israel. (Exodus 40)

The LORD’s glory, whose presence was signified in a cloud that descended and “covered the tent of the congregation,” had “filled the Tabernacle” (Exodus 40:34). The cloud was a visible testament of the LORD’s presence in Israel. In the day, the cloud rested upon the Tabernacle. At night, God’s presence was seen as “fire…in the sight of all the house of Israel” (Exodus 40:38). The LORD, not man, dictated the starts and stops of His people, for “when the cloud was taken up from over the tabernacle, the children of Israel went onward in all their journeys: 37But if the cloud were not taken up, then they journeyed not till the day that it was taken up” (Exodus 40:36-37).

Leviticus 1 – The Laws and Ordinances for Burnt Offerings

The LORD, having filled the Tabernacle with His glory (Exodus 40:34), “called unto Moses, and spake unto him out of the tabernacle of the congregation, saying, 2Speak unto the children of Israel, and say unto them, If any man of you bring an offering unto the Lord, ye shall bring your offering of the cattle, even of the herd, and of the flock” (Leviticus 1:1-2).

Guidelines Concerning Burnt Offerings (1:1-17)

The first offering required in Leviticus was the “burnt offering.” It was to be “a male without blemish” (1:3). The LORD required a bull (1:5), sheep or goat (1:10), or an “offering of turtledoves, or of young pigeons” to be sacrificed (1:14). These, the children of Israel were to bring to the courtyard of the Tabernacle. There, a worshipper would place his “hand upon the head” of the sacrifice, thus identifying that animal’s death as the substitutionary sacrifice for his sin (1:4-5, 10, 14-15).

The sacrifice was then killed and processed as described by the law. The priest would then take the blood of the sacrifice and sprinkle it on the altar (1:5, 11). Then, flaying and cutting the animal, the priest laid the pieces of the sacrifice on the fire of the altar (1:12-13).

Closing thoughts:

Some 21st-century believers dismiss the book of Leviticus, supposing it has no application to their lives. I urge you, don’t make that mistake. Much of the carnality seen in our churches and homes will be eradicated if believers examine their lives in light of the precepts and principles derived from the Old Testament’s Commandments, Laws, and Ordinances. Obeying the LORD comes with a promise of His blessing:

Leviticus 26:3-4, 12 – “3If ye walk in my statutes, and keep my commandments, and do them; 4Then I will give you rain in due season, and the land shall yield her increase, and the trees of the field shall yield their fruit…12And I will walk among you, and will be your God, and ye shall be my people.”

Questions to Consider:

  • From where did the LORD call unto Moses? (Leviticus 1:1)
  • What were the requirements for a burnt offering? (Leviticus 1:3, 10)
  • How did the worshipper identify with the death of his sacrifice as an offering and atonement for his sins? (Leviticus 1:4)

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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What Does the LORD Require? Holiness and Consecration to Him! (Exodus 39; Exodus 40)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 39-40

We conclude our study of the Book of Exodus with today’s Scripture reading (Exodus 39-40). I applaud your discipline if you have followed this “Heart of A Shepherd” from the first of this year, and I trust my daily devotional commentaries have proved to be edifying. Together, we have completed a study of three books of the Bible: Genesis, Job, and Exodus! With the LORD’s blessing, we will fulfill Paul’s challenge to Timothy when he exhorted that young pastor: “Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth” (2 Timothy 2:15).

Review

Several recent chapters (Exodus 25-40) were devoted to preparing Israel to bind to God’s Covenant and worship the LORD. God gave Moses directions and detailed descriptions of what He required for His sanctuary. They included the construction of His Tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant and Mercy Seat, the Lampstand, the Altar of Incense, the Table for the bread, and various implements needed within and without the Tabernacle. The LORD also provided Moses with specific details about the Courtyard, its Brazen Altar, and the fount that served the priests as a washing station for their hands and feet.

Exodus 39 

The “Holy Garments” of the High Priest

An earlier chapter (Exodus 28) recorded the design of the “holy garments” to be worn by Aaron, the brother of Moses, whom God chose as His high priest. Finally, exodus 39 recorded the fabrication of the high priests’ garments: “And of the blue, and purple, and scarlet, they made cloths of service, to do service in the holy place, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as the Lord commanded Moses” (39:1).

The stunning colors of the high priest’s “holy garments” were given (39:1-2), as well as the breastplate embedded with twelve precious stones, each engraved with the names of one of the Twelve Tribes of Israel covering his chest (39:8-14).  Also, a description of the bindings of the breastplate was given, as well as other articles of clothing worn by the high priest (39:15-31). Finally, fastened to his turban was a plate of gold engraved with the words, “Holiness to the LORD” (39:30-31).

The Completion of the Tabernacle (39:32-43)

A blessed testimony for God’s people and their attention to honoring Him was summed up in Exodus 39:32, where we read, “Thus was all the work of the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation finished: and the children of Israel did according to all that the Lord commanded Moses, so did they” (39:32). So the people presented all to Moses for his inspection, including the Tabernacle, its furnishings, and the golden implements the LORD required (39:32-42). Moses then looked “upon all the work, and, behold, they had done it as the Lord had commanded, even so had they done it: and Moses blessed them” (39:43).

Exodus 40 – “The End” was Only the Beginning!

Setting Up the Tabernacle (40:1-8)

With all completed as the LORD required, He commanded Moses, saying: “On the first day of the first month shalt thou set up the tabernacle of the tent of the congregation” (40:1). Moses was tasked with the responsibility of overseeing the assembly of the Tabernacle, its implements, dedicating the high priest, his sons, and the garments they were to wear in the priests’ office (40:2-8).

Consecrating All to the LORD (40:9-11)

Moses was commanded to “take the anointing oil” and dedicate as holy the Tabernacle and its vessels (40:9-11). Then, in a public ceremony of dedication, Moses was commanded to have Aaron and his sons come to “the door of the tabernacle of the congregation, and wash them with water” (40:12). Then, he was to “put upon Aaron the holy garments, and anoint him, and sanctify him; that he may minister unto [the LORD] in the priest’s office” (40:13). Aaron’s sons were also to be anointed, and clothed in the robes of the “priest’s office” (40:15). Moses did all as commanded (40:16-43). Then he dedicated the work to the LORD (40:33).

An Outward Manifestation of the LORD’s Approval (40:34-38)

“Then a cloud covered the tent of the congregation, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle” (40:34). The outward manifestation of God’s approval was such that Moses could not enter the tabernacle “because the cloud abode thereon, and the glory of the Lord filled the tabernacle” (40:35). Indeed, it was the abiding presence of the cloud that directed the steps and direction for Israel in the wilderness (40:36-37).

A sign of the LORD’s perpetual presence with His people was summed up in this: “For the cloud of the Lord was upon the tabernacle by day, and fire was on it by night, in the sight of all the house of Israel, throughout all their journeys” (40:38).

Closing thoughts –

We have learned that the LORD is interested in the place of worship and the preparation and dedication of those who serve Him as His ministers. Therefore, Moses, Aaron, and his sons were commanded to ceremonially wash their hands and feet “when they came near unto the altar,” for they served as the intercessors for the people (40:30-32).

Thirteen times in Exodus 39 and Exodus 40, we read the phrase, “as the LORD commanded Moses.” That phrase reminds me that half-hearted preparation for worshipping the LORD is unacceptable. Our God is holy, and those who serve Him should reflect His character in their lives, service, and worship.

An Exhortation to Dedication

Are you aware that the LORD requires every believer to be dedicated to Him? As He commanded Moses to dedicate and consecrate Aaron and his sons to serve Him, He requires the same of every believer.

In his letter to believers in Corinth, the apostle Paul wrote: “What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own? 20  For ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God’s” (1 Corinthians 6:19-20).

Take a few minutes, pray, and dedicate yourself to the LORD!

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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The LORD Accounts for the Gifts, the Givers, and the Builders. (Exodus 37; Exodus 38)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 37-38

To Israel, the visible presence of the Tabernacle was a constant reminder of God’s presence amid His people. The LORD named not only the principal builder, Bezaleel (37:1), but because it was His sanctuary, He also gave precise details for its design and furnishings. There was no room for ambiguity in the LORD’s house.

Exodus 37 – The Design of the Tabernacle and its Furnishings

The Ark, Mercy-Seat, and Cherubim (Exodus 37:1-9)

The materials, construction, and dimensions of the Ark of the Covenant were chronicled (37:1-4), and served as the figure of God’s heavenly throne in the midst of His people (Psalm 80:1; 99:1). The Ark was designed to be portable and was transported using staves (wooden rods overlaid with gold), and carried by priests during Israel’s sojourn in the wilderness (37:3-5; 30:1-6).  Gold overlaid the Ark, including the “mercy seat,” upon which two cherubim faced one another with outstretched wings (37:7-9). (The gold served as a reminder of the purity and holiness of God’s throne of judgment.)

The Table, Altar, and Utensils (Exodus 37:10-28)

There were other furnishings crafted and employed in the tabernacle. These were itemized (37:10-28) and described in detail. Included in the inventory were a table, dishes, bowls, spoons, an elaborate candlestick, and an “altar of incense” (37:25-29), all overlaid with gold.

The Holy Oil and Incense (Exodus 37:29)

For ceremonial dedication, a “holy anointing oil” (37:29a) was made and used to anoint the tabernacle and its furnishings and sanctify the priests when they served the LORD before the people (30:23-38). Also, incense was made to be used only in the Tabernacle (37:29b).

Exodus 38 – The Preparation for the Tabernacle Courtyard

The Brazen Altar and Laver of Brass (Exodus 38:1-8)

Though not named, the personal pronoun “he” was a reference to Bezaleel, the builder whom the LORD chose (Exodus 31:1-5, 35:30-33; 37:1; 38:1). Bezaleel “made the altar of burnt offering” (38:1) according to the LORD’s design (37:1-8).

He also made a “laver of brass” (38:8), a large bowl or fount used by priests for washing their hands and feet (30:17-21). (Notice the women gave their “looking-glasses for the metal used in the washing laver. These were mirrors, but consisted of polished metal rather than the glass mirrors of modern times with a silver-coated back.)

Bezaleel also oversaw the manufacture of curtains, which, when assembled, formed the exterior courtyard around the Tabernacle and brass altar (38:9-20).

Summary of Offerings and Precious Metals (Exodus 38:21-31)

Exodus 38:21-31 is a reminder that nothing was left to chance, for we have a record and accounting of the gold, silver, and brass used in preparing the sanctuary and its furnishings (38:21-31). Though it might appear insignificant, the account reminds me that God notes our tithes and offerings. We are also reminded of the principal men God chose and who were willing to use their talents and skills for the LORD; “Bezaleel the son of Uri,” a carpenter (38:22), and Aholiab, son of Ahisamach” an “engraver…and an embroiderer” (38:23).

Finally, the tally of the gold, silver, and brass revealed the people’s enormous sacrifice, as they gave for the construction and furnishings of the Tabernacle, the Sanctuary of the LORD on earth.

Questions to consider:

1) Who were the principal craftsmen, and why did the LORD choose them? (Exodus 31:1-6; 35:30-35; 38:22-23)

2) Why do you think God did not choose Moses to build the Tabernacle and its vessels?

3) Minute details were recorded for the materials, design, and construction of the Ark of the Covenant, the curtains of the Tabernacle, the altar, and the courtyard. What insights does this give us regarding the character of God and our need to prepare ourselves for worshipping Him?

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

* You can subscribe to the Heart of a Shepherd daily devotionals and have them sent directly to your email address. Please enter your email address in the box to the right (if using a computer) or at the bottom (if using a cell phone). You may also email your request to HeartofAShepherdInc@gmail.com

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The Work and Workers Who Labored on the LORD’s Sanctuary (Exodus 36)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 36

The Commencement of the Work on the Tabernacle (36:1-2)

Exodus 36 recorded the start of work on the Tabernacle, whose design was from the LORD and patterned like the one in Heaven. Two familiar names arise, Bezaleel and Aholiab, whom the LORD chose (31:2-6; 35:30-35) to lead the work on His sanctuary. With those men were others who were “wise hearted,” indicating they were attentive, skilled artisans (36:1a). They were men “in whom the Lord put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all manner of work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that the Lord had commanded” (36:1b).

Moses summoned the most gifted men in Israel to work on the LORD’s sanctuary. One trait was most prominent: each man’s heart had “stirred him up to come unto the work to do it” (36:2). God not only chose skilled workers, but He also required only those whose hearts were willing and stirred up to labor in the ministry.

Imagine: The People Gave Too Much! (36:3-7)

The people’s investment in the work on the Tabernacle was inspiring. Every morning Moses received “free offerings” from the children of Israel “for the work of the service of the sanctuary” (36:3). In fact, so much was given that the workers urged Moses to command the people to bring no more offerings! (36:4-7)

The Decorative and Architectural Components of the Tabernacle (36:8-34)

Exodus 36 recorded the development and materials used in constructing the Tabernacle (36:8-38). The Tabernacle had a wood frame (36:20-34). The interior boards were overlaid with gold, and beautiful, embroidered curtains with taches of gold covered the interior walls (36:8-13). The exterior of the Tabernacle was covered with “curtains of goats hair” (36:14-18), and over them was laid “a covering for the tent of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering of badgers’ skins above that” (36:19).

The Innermost Room of the Tabernacle: The Holy of Holies (36:35-38)

The interior of the Tabernacle was divided by “a vail [veil] of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen: with cherubims” (36:35-36). Beyond the veil was the “most holy place” where the Ark of the Covenant with its Mercy Seat was located. Finally, the door to the entrance of the Tabernacle was a curtain “of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of needlework” (36:37).

Closing thoughts:

As we conclude today’s devotion, consider the veil that partitioned the Tabernacle’s outer court, where priests served, from the inner court that was the holy of holies. Once a year, the high priest entered the holy place, only to sprinkle blood on the Mercy Seat as an offering to God for his and the nation’s sins (Hebrews 9:7). Why the partition? Because it reminded the people that sin separated them from God, who is holy, and without sin.

What is the lesson for believers?

We cannot approach God’s presence through any merit of our own. We come to the LORD solely through the blood of Jesus Christ, our High Priest. The author of Hebrews wrote, “And almost all things are by the law purged with blood; and without shedding of blood is no remission” (Hebrews 9:22). So, Christ is our sacrifice who “was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation” (Hebrews 9:28).

The priests offered sacrifices daily for the people’s sins, and annually the high priest entered the holy place and sprinkled blood on the mercy seat for his sin and the nation’s sins. Finally, however, Jesus Christ “offered one sacrifice for sins for ever [dying on the cross], sat down on the right hand of God” (Hebrews 10:12).

Christ’s suffering and death satisfied God’s demand for a perfect sacrifice for man’s sins. His resurrection sealed His victory over sin and death. He “sat down on the right hand of God” because His work of redemption was complete, and there was no more need for sacrifices. Jesus Christ is both our Redeemer and Mediator before the throne of God.

Is Christ your Savior?

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

* You can subscribe to the Heart of a Shepherd daily devotionals and have them sent directly to your email address. Please enter your email address in the box to the right (if using a computer) or at the bottom (if using a cell phone). You may also email your request to HeartofAShepherdInc@gmail.com

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Grace, and More Grace (Exodus 34-35)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 34-35

Now the “Lord [had] plagued the people because they made the calf” (32:35); however, the judgment was passed, for the LORD granted a reprieve to the nation as Moses prayed (32:31-32). So he obeyed the LORD and pitched the Tabernacle outside the camp. When Moses entered the Tabernacle, the people observed the presence of God descending as a “cloudy pillar…and the LORD talked with Moses” (33:9). Then “the Lord said unto Moses…thou hast found grace in my sight, and I know thee by name. 18And [Moses] said, I beseech thee, shew me thy glory” (33:17-18).

Exodus 34

The Command for Moses to Return with Two Tablets of Stone (34:1-5)

The LORD then commanded Moses, “Hew thee two tables of stone like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest” (34:1). Moses obeyed the LORD and ascended Mount Sinai, “as the Lord had commanded him, and took in his hand the two tables of stone” (34:4). As Moses ascended the mount, “the Lord descended in the cloud, and stood with him there” (34:5).

Moses Witnessed the Glory of the LORD and Interceded for Israel (34:6-28)

Keeping His promise to give Moses a glimpse of His glory (33:21-23), “the Lord passed by before him, and proclaimed, The LORD [YAHWEH; Jehovah], The LORD [YAHWEH] God [El],” meaning the Eternal, Self-existent God (34:6). God revealed His divine nature to Moses and declared, “The LORD God [is] merciful[compassionate], and gracious [kind, good, showing favor without merit], longsuffering [patient; slow to anger],and abundant in goodness and truth [He is faithful and true]” (34:6). The LORD keeps “mercy for thousands [His mercy is sufficient for all], forgiving iniquity and transgression and sin” (34:7a). God is just and “by no means [clearing] the guilty; visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children, and upon the children’s children, unto the third and to the fourth generation” (34:7b).

Moses, finding himself in the presence of the LORD in all His majesty, hastily “bowed his head…and worshipped” the LORD (34:8) and interceded for Israel, confessing the nature of the people and reminding the LORD of His covenant with the people (34:9). The LORD then renewed His covenant with Israel (34:10-27), and warned He would not abide idolatry among His people, “for the Lord, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God” (34:14).

Unlike the first tablets of stone, which the LORD engraved and were broken by Moses, he was commanded to “Write thou these words: for after the tenor of these words I have made a covenant with thee and with Israel” (34:27). Moses did as he was commanded, and continued in the presence of the LORD for “forty days and forty nights; he did neither eat bread, nor drink water. And he wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten commandments” (34:28).

The Glory of the LORD Shone on the Face of Moses (34:29-34)

Then, taking up the stone tables of the Law, Moses descended Mount Sinai, and “when Aaron and all the children of Israel saw [him], behold, the skin of his face shone; and they were afraid to come nigh him” (34:30). The reflection of God’s glory was shown so brightly upon his face that Moses wore a vail among the people (34:31-35); however, when he entered into God’s presence, he removed the vail (reminding us no thought of the heart is hidden from the LORD, 34:34).

Exodus 35

Giving for God’s Work (35:1-29)

Moses reviewed the LORD’s commandment concerning the Sabbath Day of rest (35:1-3) and called on the people to bring “an offering unto the LORD: whosoever is of a willing heart” (35:4-5). Next, he instructed the people on those things needed to fabricate the Tabernacle, altars, the Ark of the Covenant, the Mercy Seat, and the garments to be worn by the high priest (35:6-19). The response of the people was universal (35:20-28). The Scripture said, “every man and woman, whose heart made them willing to bring for all manner of work,” brought a willing offering (35:29).

We are once again introduced to Bezaleel and Aholiab; artisans chosen by God not only for their workmanship, but also because of their godly character (35:30-35).

Closing thoughts:

I close today’s devotional by reflecting on God’s forgiving grace. Though the LORD judged Israel guilty of their sins and wickedness for crafting and worshipping the golden calf, He nevertheless heard Moses’ intercessory prayer and showed mercy. It is the same mercy and grace by which all sinners might be saved. Writing to the church in Ephesus, Paul declared, “8For by grace are ye saved through faith; and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: 9Not of works, lest any man should boast. 10For we are his workmanship, created in Christ Jesus unto good works, which God hath before ordained that we should walk in them” (Ephesians 2:8–10).

Finally, although short-lived, the unity of those who gave of their possessions and labored in constructing the Tabernacle was noteworthy, for they were “wise hearted…stirred…willing…willing hearted” (Exodus 35:10-29).

 

What is your attitude toward giving and serving the LORD today?

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

* You can subscribe to the Heart of a Shepherd daily devotionals and have them sent directly to your email address. Please enter your email address in the box to the right (if using a computer) or at the bottom (if using a cell phone). You may also email your request to HeartofAShepherdInc@gmail.com

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When Holiness Contends with Wickedness (Exodus 32; Exodus 33)

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Scripture reading– Exodus 32-33

Moses and Joshua had been away from the people for “forty days and forty nights” (24:18). Moses’ appointment on Mount Sinai being ended, the LORD gave him “two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God” (31:18).

Exodus 32

Israel’s Provocation: Idolatry and Immorality (32:1-6)

In Moses’ absence, the people saw that he was “delayed to come down out of the mount” (32:1) and giving no thought of their covenant with the LORD, we read: they “gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him, Up, make us gods, which shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we wot not what is become of him” (32:1).

Now, Moses was not aware of events in Israel’s camp, but the LORD knows all things and heard the wicked demands of the people (32:1). He witnessed Aaron’s failure to hold the people to the covenant they vowed to the LORD, and heard when he yielded to their idolatrous demands. Rather than rebuke the people, Aaron accommodated them and “said unto them, Break off the golden earrings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them unto me” (32:2).

Tragically, the people complied with Aaron’s directives. He received their “golden earrings” and “fashioned it with a graving tool after he had made it a molten calf: and they said, These be thy gods, O Israel, which brought thee up out of the land of Egypt” (32:4). Aaron then accommodated their wickedness, and “built an altar before [the calf]; and [proclaimed]… Tomorrow is a feast to the Lord” (32:5). Having disavowed their covenant with the LORD, the people “offered burnt offerings, and brought peace offerings; and the people sat down to eat and to drink, and rose up to play” (32:6). Thus the Scriptures revealed Israel not only committed idolatry, but did those things that were morally reprehensible.

The Wrath of the LORD and Moses’ Intercession (32:7-14)

The LORD, angered and provoked by the people’s sins, vowed to judge them in His wrath (32:7-10) and cut off the people as a nation. He declared He would covenant with Moses and “make of [him] a great nation” (32:10). Moses, however, interceded for the people, for he was jealous of the LORD’s testimony before Egypt and other nations. He implored the LORD, “Remember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, thy servants” (32:13) and reminded Him of His covenant promises. Then, in an act of mercy and grace, we read how the LORD heard Moses’ prayer, and He “repented [lit. had a change of mind or heart] of the evil [judgment; destruction] which he thought to do unto his people” (32:14).

Moses’ Loathing of Israel’s Idolatry (32:15-19)

Moses then descended the mount with “two tables of the testimony…in [his] hand: the tables [the Commandments] were written on both their sides; on the one side and on the other were they written. 16And the tables were the work of God, and the writing was the writing of God, graven upon the tables” (32:15-16).

Joshua, apparently unaware of the LORD’s revelation to Moses concerning the idolatrous state of Israel, heard a clammer of voices as they neared the camp and wondered if it was the “noise of war” (32:17). Moses knew it was the sound of frolicsome singing, and when “he saw the calf, and the dancing…[his] anger waxed hot, and he cast the tables out of his hands, and brake them beneath the mount” (32:19).

Aaron’s Tragic Failure and Defense (32:19-25)

Words fail me to describe this tragic moment in Israel’s history. How soon Israel turned from their covenant with the LORD and gave themselves to profound wickedness and idolatry! Incensed by the evil he witnessed, Moses “took the calf which they had made, and burnt it in the fire, and ground it to powder, and strawed it upon the water, and made the children of Israel drink of it” (32:19b-20). He rebuked his brother Aaron and questioned, “What did this people unto thee, that thou hast brought so great a sin upon them?” (32:21)

Unbelievably, Aaron’s retort reminds me of many in spiritual leadership today. Rather than assume responsibility for his failure, Aaron placed the guilt of his failings as a spiritual leader on the people and said, “thou knowest the people, that they are set on mischief” (32:22). The whole conversation that passed between Moses and Aaron was not recorded. Yet, the Scriptures record that Aaron was not only a spiritual failure as a leader, but he was implicated as a willing participant in their wickedness. We read: “Aaron had made [the people] naked unto their shame among their enemies” (32:25).

“Who is on the LORD’s side?” (32:26-29)

The time to stand for the LORD had come, and “Moses stood in the gate of the camp, and said, Who is on the Lord’s side? Let him come unto me. And all the sons of Levi [the priestly tribe of Moses and Aaron] gathered themselves together unto him” (32:26). Three thousand men were slain for their wickedness that day (32:28). Moses urged the people, and said, Consecrate yourselves to day to the Lord, even every man upon his son, and upon his brother; that he may bestow upon you a blessing this day” (32:29).

Moses’ Intercession and a Divine Reprieve (32:30-35)

The next day, Moses rebuked the people and said, “Ye have sinned a great sin: and now I will go up unto the Lord; peradventure I shall make an atonement for your sin” (32:30). Moses prayed and confessed the sins and wickedness of Israel, and interceded for the people saying, “Yet now, if thou wilt forgive their sin—; and if not, blot me, I pray thee, out of thy book which thou hast written” (32:31-32). The LORD responded to Moses’ intercessory prayer (32:33) and, in the act of mercy and grace, gave Israel a reprieve from utter destruction. Though the tragic consequences of the people’s sins followed the nation, and He did not altogether stay His judgment (32:34-35), the Lord did not utterly destroy Israel.

Exodus 33

A Sorrow unto Repentance (33:1-6)

The prophet Jeremiah observed centuries later, “It is of the Lord’s mercies that we are not consumed, because his compassions fail not” (Lamentations 3:22). Certainly, that truth is witnessed in Exodus 33 when the LORD’s judgment against Israel was stayed by His mercy. Still, the consequence of the nation’s sin was the sacrifice of His immediate presence (33:1-3). Wisely, the people mourned and responded by stripping themselves of outward adornments (33:6).

Moses: A Friend of God (33:7-11)

Though disappointed in the people, Moses fulfilled God’s desire and design for the Tabernacle. He pitched it outside the camp and “called it the Tabernacle of the congregation” (33:7). When the people observed Moses coming and going to the Tabernacle (33:8), “they rose up, and stood every man at his tent door” (33:8). As Moses entered the Tabernacle, the people observed the presence of the LORD descended like a “cloudy pillar” (33:9-10).

The Scriptures give us a remarkable portrait in Exodus 33:11, where we read, “And the Lord spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend.” Of Joshua, we read that when Moses left to return to the camp, he remained and “departed not out of the tabernacle” (33:11).

An Appeal for God’s Presence (33:15-22)

Moses dreaded the thought of proceeding on Israel’s journey without the LORD, and therefore pled, “If thy presence go not with me, carry us not up hence” (13:15).  Yet, Moses was not satisfied only with the LORD’s presence; he prayed to the LORD, “shew me thy glory” (Exodus 33:18).  God graciously replied to Moses, “Thou canst not see my face: for there shall no man see me, and live” (Exodus 33:20). So we learn no man can see God in His unveiled, heavenly glory; however, Moses was blessed with a glimpse of His glory while He sheltered him in the cleft of the rock (33:21-22).

Closing thoughts:

Among the statements that indicated Moses’ special relationship with God, we read: “And the LORD spake unto Moses face to face, as a man speaketh unto his friend” (33:11).

Imagine a relationship with God that is “face to face,” heart to heart, and friend to friend. Yet, that relationship is possible through Christ, for even His enemies accused Him and said Jesus was “a friend of publicans and sinners” (Matthew 11:19; Luke 7:34). Indeed He is, and waits for you to turn from your sins and accept Him as your Savior and Lord. He is “longsuffering to usward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance” (2 Peter 3:9).

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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You Might Be Talented, But Do You Have the Character God Desires? (Exodus 31)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 31

We continue our study in Exodus and find Moses concluding his appointment with the LORD on Mount Sinai. He had received the design and dimensions of the Tabernacle, its various pieces of furniture to be constructed and used in Israel’s daily worship, and the description of the garments to be stitched and embroidered for the high priest.

The Tabernacle, its furniture, the holy place with the Ark of the Covenant, and the brass altar with its various implements were central to Israel’s worship and daily offerings. Because they were to be sanctified and dedicated to the LORD as holy, great care was taken in their manufacturing and the selection of the craftsmen. Two men were named who served as lead artisans in manufacturing the Tabernacle and its furnishings (31:1-11).

The Craftsmen Chosen to Serve the LORD (31:1-11)

After dictating the design and creation of the Tabernacle and its furnishings, the LORD ordained workers by name whom He chose to labor in producing them (31:1-6). First, there was “Bezaleel the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah” (31:2). He was a skilled artisan, and the LORD said, “I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship” (31:3-5).

A second craftsman, “Aholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan,” was appointed to assist Bezaleel (31:6). He was named among those “that are wise hearted” and in whom the LORD declared, “I have put wisdom, that they make all that I have commanded” (31:6).

An Inventory of Articles Required for the Tabernacle (31:7-11)

The LORD tasked Moses with employing craftsmen and artisans to make items used in worship and offering sacrifices (31:7-11).

The Sabbath Day and its Meaning (31:12-18)

The LORD commanded Moses to teach Israel to keep the Sabbath as “a sign between [Him] and [Israel]throughout your generations; that ye may know that I am the Lord that doth sanctify [set apart] you” (31:13). Knowing the temptation to be zealous in the work He had given His chosen craftsmen, the LORD instructed Moses to remind them: “Six days may work be done; but in the seventh is the sabbath of rest, holy to the Lord: whosoever doeth any work in the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death” (31:15). As a sign of His “perpetual covenant” with Israel, the people were commanded to “keep the sabbath, to observe the sabbath throughout their generations” (31:16).

As promised, when the LORD’s communion with Moses on the mount was ended, He gave him “two tables of testimony, tables of stone, written with the finger of God” (31:18). Those tablets of stone represented God’s Covenant with Israel (31:18; 24:12).

Closing thoughts:

What spiritual lesson can we take from the LORD’s attention to choosing craftsmen to manufacture the Tabernacle, its furniture, and the garments He appointed for the high priest? (31:7-11)

Consider five qualities ascribed to Bezaleel that qualified him to serve the LORD as His master artisan (31:3).

First, he was a talented craftsman “in all manner of workmanship” (31:5). Secondly, he possessed spiritual qualities that made him supremely qualified to produce articles the LORD deemed holy and sanctified. Thirdly, Bezaleel was identified as a man filled “with the Spirit of God” (31:3) and thereby sensitive to His will and leading. Fourthly, he was numbered among men who were blessed “in wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge” (31:3). Finally, he possessed not only the talents and aptitude for the task, but he was committed to obeying the LORD in His design,

Application – It has been said, “People do not care how much you know until they know how much you care.” That was especially true of the LORD. He knew the talents and skills of Bezaleel and Aholiab; however, their spiritual character made them supremely qualified to serve Him.

What about you? You may have valuable talents and skills and even be considered gifted. But, do you have a heart for the LORD? Are you filled and sensitive to His Spirit? That is the kind of man or woman God chooses to serve Him.

Lesson – God was interested in “getting the job done” and the character of those who served Him. (31:1-6)

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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Ordained to Serve: A Prepared Heart for Worship (Exodus 29; Exodus 30)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 29-30

Today’s Scripture reading, Exodus 29-30, finds Moses and Joshua on Mount Sinai, where they continued “forty days and forty nights” (24:18). The LORD instructed Moses that he might teach the people and give to them “tables of stone, and a law, and commandments” (24:12). He commanded Moses to receive offerings from the people (25:1-3) that were to be used in constructing and furnishing the Tabernacle. As the LORD’s sanctuary (25:8), the Tabernacle was a visible testimony of God’s presence in the midst of Israel.

The LORD also gave Moses the design and dimensions for the Tabernacle and its furnishings (25:9). Those furnishings included the Ark of the Covenant and its Mercy Seat (25:10-22), the table, and the candlestick. All were to be overlaid with gold (25:23-40). Finally, the interior and exterior of the Tabernacle were described in detail (26:1-30), including a room that was divided by a veil (26:31-33) and served as the “holy place” in which the Ark of the Covenant and the Mercy Seat was to be placed (26:33-34).

Central to Israel’s worship was the brass altar (27:1-8) in a courtyard that formed an enclosure for the Tabernacle (27:9-19). Aaron, the brother of Moses, was appointed to serve as Israel’s first high priest, and his sons served with him as common priests (28:1). God also gave Moses a detailed description of the holy garments the high priest would wear when he ministered before the LORD as Israel’s mediator (28:2-43).

Exodus 29 

The Priesthood: Ordination and Consecration

Having established the Aaronic priesthood in Exodus 28, the LORD instructed Moses regarding his brother’s ordination to serve as Israel’s high priest (29:1-9). One young bull and “two rams without blemish” (29:1) were to be sacrificed, consecrating Aaron as the high priest in an ordination ceremony.

Aaron was to wash and put on the high priest’s garments (29:4-9). Moses then directed Aaron and his sons to put their hands on the bull, thereby identifying with its sacrifice as their sin offering (29:10-14). Placing their hands on one ram that was without blemish, Moses was to slay the ram as a burnt offering to the LORD (29:15-18). A second ram was then sacrificed, and it served as a “blood ordination,” for its blood was put on “the tip of the right ear of Aaron, and his sons (29:19-21), dedicating them to the priesthood.

The best parts of the second ram were offered to the LORD, and then Aaron and his sons were to consume the ram at the door of the Tabernacle (29:22-34). For each of the seven days, young bulls were to be offered for the sins of the priests and as a testimony of God’s grace in providing a substitute (29:35-37).

Twice daily, lambs were sacrificed and offered as a meat offering by fire, one in the morning and one in the evening. These were perpetual offerings to the LORD (29:38-42) and a reminder to the people that “without the shedding of blood there is no remission for sin (Hebrews 9:22). Thus, the LORD promised to “dwell among the children of Israel, and will be their God. 46And they shall know that I am the Lord their God, that brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I may dwell among them: I am the Lord their God” (29:45-46).

Exodus 30

Altar of Incense (30:1-10)

The LORD instructed Moses to have “an altar to burn incense,” made with wood and overlaid “with pure gold” (30:1-5). The altar of incense was located outside the Holy Place and before the veil. There the LORD promised to meet with Moses, Aaron, and the generations that followed him. The aroma of burning incense was perpetual, burning night and day (30:6-8). Once a year, the “blood of the sin offering” was to be applied to the corner or horns of the altar of incense and serve as a reminder that only the blood atones for sin (30:9-10).

Tabernacle Tax (30:11-16)

An annual census was commanded, and a special tribute described as a “ransom” (30:12) was required of every Hebrew person twenty years old or older (30:12). A failure to believe and obey the LORD could incur a judgment described as a “plague” (30:12b).

The rich and poor were required to pay “half a shekel” (30:13), reminding us that every soul is of equal value in the sight of God (30:14-15). This “ransom” (tax or tribute) was paid for “the service [expenses] of the Tabernacle” (30:16). Those expenses would have included purchasing sacrifices, flour, wine, oil, priestly garments, and other costs.

Additionally, a large brass laver, or fount, was to be made and filled with water where the priest would wash their hands and feet before entering the Tabernacle (30:17-21).

Holy Oils and Fragrances (30:22-38)

A special anointing oil with ingredients and fragrances designed by the LORD was made and used for anointing the Tabernacle, its furniture, the altar, and the priests (30:22-31). However, it was a sacred oil and forbidden for other purposes (30:32-33). The LORD also required a unique blend of incense and perfume to be made and used before the tabernacle. The fragrance was unique to the Tabernacle and was not to be used elsewhere (30:34-38).

Closing thoughts:

What lessons should we take from the attention to detail the Scriptures have preserved for us in Israel’s worship? It is the knowledge that we should prepare our hearts for worshipping the LORD. Worship is not careless and incidental, but purposeful and done in a manner that reflects and speaks of the holiness of the LORD.

Questions to consider:

1) How did Aaron and his sons identify with the bull and ram as sacrifices for their sins? (29:10, 19)

2) What was Aaron instructed to do with the high priest’s garments when his service ended? (29:29-30)

3) What did God promise if the people continued to bring sacrifices to the Tabernacle? (29:45-46)

4) What was the purpose of the water basin that God commanded Moses to make? (30:17-21)

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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Preparations for Worshipping the LORD (Exodus 27; Exodus 28)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 27-28

The LORD had commanded Moses, “Come up to me into the mount” (Exodus 24:12), and he and Joshua ascended Mount Sinai into the presence of the LORD. They remained there, on the mount, for “forty days and forty nights” (24:18). The LORD then gave Moses “tables of stone, and a law, and commandments” (24:12). He was instructed in the preparations that were necessary for the people to worship the Lord with their offerings (Exodus 25-31). Finally, the LORD, leaving nothing to chance, gave detailed designs for the sanctuary that would serve Israel as a perpetual reminder that He was in the midst of Israel (25:8).

Exodus 27 

An Altar of Brass, The Outer Court of the Tabernacle, and Oil for the Lamp

The preparations for worship and sacrifices continued with a description of the altar of brass that would serve as the place of sacrifice. The altar was made of wood, covered in brass, and was seven feet square and four feet high (27:1). The four corners of the altar, described as “horns,” were made with rings and poles (staves), allowing the altar to be carried as the nation sojourned (27:4-8).

The Tabernacle was located within a courtyard that measured seventy-five feet on the west and east sides (27:12-13) and one hundred and fifty feet on the south and north sides (27:9-11). The outer court would have measured some ten thousand square feet.

Pure olive oil was required for lighting a lampstand that would give light “from evening to morning” (27:20-21) and serve as a perpetual reminder that the LORD was in the midst of His people.

Exodus 28

 The Office and Garments of the High Priest and His Sons (28:1-3)

The brother of Moses, Aaron, and his sons were chosen by God and were to be sanctified (set apart) to serve as His priests on behalf of Israel (28:1). The garments that Aaron, the High Priest, would wear when ministering was described as “holy…for glory and for beauty” (28:2). They were “holy” because they were set apart, sanctified, and dedicated to ministry. The “glory” and “beauty” of the garments reflected the dignity of the high priest’s office.

The Garments of the High Priest (28:4-8)

Exodus 28:4-8 introduced the garments of the High Priest that consisted of a “breastplate” (a vest), an “ephod” (a ritual vest), a long one-piece robe, a coat described as “broidered,” a “mitre” (a cap), and a girdle (sash or belt that wrapped around the waist and held the breastplate in place).

Great detail was given of the High Priest’s garments, but I invite you to consider especially the breastplate and its significance (28:9-30).

Two precious stones, described as “onyx stones,” served as buttons for the front and back of the breastplate, and upon them were the names of the Twelve Tribes of Israel written (28:9-12). In addition, two stones rested on the shoulders of the High Priest and were a reminder that he was Israel’s mediator. Finally, twelve precious stones, each different from the other, were engraved with the names of each Tribe and were an ever-present reminder that the High Priest carried the children of Israel upon his heart (28:13-29).

The High Priest wore upon his forehead a plate of gold, and engraved upon it was “HOLINESS TO THE LORD” (28:36), a visual sign that he belonged to the LORD, and through the blood of sacrifices, he was Israel’s mediator (28:38).

Closing thoughts:

The garments of the High Priest gave specific evidence that there was meaning and purpose in every detail, from the breastplate over his heart that represented God’s judgment (28:15-30) to the bells about the hem of his robe whose sound gave witness to his movement within the Tabernacle, and the LORD’s acceptance of his offering on behalf of Israel (28:31-26).

Remember, the Tabernacle, the Ark, the Mercy Seat, and the Altar were types or pictures that Jesus Christ, our High Priest, ultimately fulfilled.

Hebrews 9:24, 28 – 24For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us:…28So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation.

Questions to consider:

1) What can the 21st-century church learn from the LORD’s attention to detail in the design and construction of the Tabernacle, its implements, and the High Priest’s garments?

2) Whom did God choose to serve Him as His high priest and priests to Israel? (28:1)

3) What names were engraved on the stones of the high priest’s breastplate? (28:9-12, 29)

4) What purpose did the bells on the high priest’s robe serve? (28:33-35)

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

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The Holy Place, and the Holy One: Our Redeemer (Exodus 26)

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Scripture reading – Exodus 26

Review – The Collection for the Sanctuary (Exodus 25)

The LORD had given Moses instructions to speak to “every man” to “bring an offering…willingly with his heart” (25:1-2). So then, leaving no detail unstated, God required specific materials for His sanctuary (25:3-7) that included “gold, and silver, and brass” (25:3). Various colors of linen were required (25:4), as well as dyed skins of rams and badgers (25:5), oil, spices, and precious stones (25:6-7).

Moses was also given the pattern and design for constructing the Tabernacle and the Ark (25:8-28). The Scriptures provide us a description of the instruments that were to be fashioned (25:29) and the furniture that would be required for the interior of the Tabernacle, including “a candlestick [lampstand] of pure gold” (25:30-40).

Exodus 26 – The Tabernacle’s Design (26:1-30)

There were four coverings for the Tabernacle.  The first covering was made with ten curtains “of fine twined linen, and blue, and purple, and scarlet: with [cherubim] of cunning work” (26:1) woven into the fabric. This beautiful fabric served as the interior ceiling of the Tabernacle (Exodus 26:1-6).

A second covering consisted of eleven curtains of goats’ hair (26:7-14) to be used as a covering for the boards in constructing the Tabernacle. Finally, a covering “of rams’ skins dyed red, and a covering above of badgers’ skins” were placed over the boards (26:14). A description was given for the boards that would form the Tabernacle and the riggings that would adhere them (26:15-30).

The Interior Design of the Tabernacle (26:31-34)

A beautiful veil served as the interior covering for the walls of the Tabernacle: an “[veil] of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen of cunning work: with [cherubim] shall it be made” (26:31). The veil would divide the interior of the Tabernacle, and provide a space called the “the holy place and the most holy” (26:33).

The Ark, described as “the mercy seat upon the ark of the testimony” (26:34), was placed within the most holy place, known as the Holy of Holies. At one end of the “holy place,” a table and a candlestick would be set, and a curtain or “hanging… of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen, wrought with needlework” (26:36). The curtain would be hung upon “five pillars of shittim wood,” overlaid with gold (26:37).

“The Holy Place and the Most Holy” (26:33-34)

Consider the innermost room of the Tabernacle, the holy place that lay beyond the veil where the Ark of the Covenant was placed (26:33). This room represented heaven and God’s presence amid His people. The Mercy Seatof the Ark represented God’s throne. The veil separating the outer chamber of the Tabernacle from the holy place was a reminder of the great divide between sinners and the LORD (26:34). No man, but the high priest, could enteror look into the holy place, and that was only once a year. As the mediator of Israel, the high priest would bear the blood of a lamb sacrificed for the people’s sins, and He would sprinkle the blood on the mercy seat.

There is no Tabernacle, no Holy Place, and no Ark today.

The Tabernacle, the Holy Place, and the Ark were temporary symbols and testimonies for their day (Hebrews 9:8-9). They were reminders of the sinner’s need for a mediator between himself and God, who is holy and cannot tolerate sin in His presence. (Psalm 89:18; Isaiah 6:3; 43:15; 57:15; Revelation 4:8; 6:10; 15:4)

Christ’s death on the Cross, His atoning blood, and resurrection from the dead removed the need for those temporary symbols. Indeed, when Christ died on the Cross, the temple’s veil was rent in two (Matthew 27:51; Mark 15:38). The requirement of atoning blood was fulfilled by Christ shedding His blood. His death, burial, and resurrection are a lasting testimony of the sufficiency of His sacrifice for our sins (2 Corinthians 3:18).

Closing thoughts:

Jesus Christ became the believer’s “High Priest” (Hebrews 9:11) and Mediator, for He “entered in once into the holy place, having obtained eternal redemption for us” (Hebrews 9:12). “He is the mediator of the new testament [covenant], that by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions that…[we] might receive the promise of eternal inheritance” (Hebrews 9:15).

Friend, is Christ your Savior, Redeemer, and High Priest? His death, burial, and resurrection provided everything you and I need for salvation. Will you turn from your sin and trust Him as Savior? We have this glorious promise in Christ: “So Christ was once offered to bear the sins of many; and unto them that look for him shall he appear the second time without sin unto salvation” (Hebrews 9:28).

Copyright © 2023 – Travis D. Smith

* You can subscribe to the Heart of a Shepherd daily devotionals and have them sent directly to your email address. Please enter your email address in the box to the right (if using a computer) or at the bottom (if using a cell phone). You may also email your request to HeartofAShepherdInc@gmail.com

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